Abstract Human visitors affect the behavior of captive animals, which is the so-called visitor effect.The number and behavior of visitors may influence stress-related behaviors in captive animals, such as self-scratching, yawning, and visitor-directed vigilance.A social group setting can be applied to alleviate such negative visitor effects and fac

schemic infarction is a rare cause of acute myelopathy.We report the case of a young woman admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, who developed extensive spinal Local Gift cord infarction in the setting of surgical evacuation and packing of liver haematoma and post-operative epidural analgesia.She had no vascular risk factors for stro

Traumatophora triscalpta (Martens, 1875) is reported for the first time from the Tianmushan Mountains, Zhejiang Province, Keypad Assembly and its morpho-anatomy is described based on this new material.The genus Traumatophora is redefined on the basis of both shell and genital anatomy of its type species.The presence of the dart apparatus suggests t